Ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnlerde, Do\u00e7. Dr. Tuna \u015eare A\u011ft\u00fcrk Twitter hesab\u0131nda “arkeolojinin yedi \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fc g\u00fcnah\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc Klasik arkeolog Andrew Stewart’\u0131n, Klasikbilimcilerin s\u0131kl\u0131kla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hatalar\u0131 yedi maddede s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa bir metin payla\u015ft\u0131. Kendisine kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordu\u011fumda, bunun 2005’te doktora \u00f6\u011frencilerine da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir handout <\/em>oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Ben de izniyle bu k\u0131sa, ama iyi bir rehber oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ve ba\u015fka disiplinler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli uyar\u0131lar i\u00e7eren metni T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirdim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\" — Berkeley \u00dcniversitesi Eski Akdeniz Sanat\u0131 ve Arkeolojisi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Andrew Stewart<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
1) Sadece g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalm\u0131\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nemli kabul etmek ya da sessizlikten (kan\u0131t yoklu\u011fundan) negatif sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karmak. <\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 nesne (somut buluntu) merkezli bir disiplinin pozitivizmine boyun e\u011fer: \u201cE\u011fer bir \u015fey insan elinden \u00e7\u0131kma arkeolojik malzemenin kayd\u0131nda bulunmuyorsa var olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (veya \u00f6nemsizdir ya da bilinemez). Ancak kan\u0131t yoklu\u011fu, yoklu\u011fun kan\u0131t\u0131 de\u011fildir ve \u201csessizlikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan savlar\u201d varmak istedikleri kendi hedeflerinden zay\u0131ft\u0131r, zira negatif kan\u0131tlanamaz ve yeni kan\u0131tlar onlar\u0131 pozitif anlamda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctebilir. Fakat \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\/benzertas\u0131mlar (b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nermesi apa\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu halde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6nermesi ispata muhta\u00e7 olan tas\u0131m\/k\u0131yas) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feyler taraf\u0131ndan desteklenebilir.
2) Hipotezlerden olgular yaratmak ya da ge\u00e7er hipotezleri olgular olarak kabul etmek.<\/strong> Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 pozitif sonu\u00e7lar almaya, \u201cbilginin mabedine bir tu\u011fla daha koymaya\u201d o kadar odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki teori ya da varsay\u0131m\u0131 bir olguyu icat etmek \u00fczere kullan\u0131r, olgular\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131r ya da ba\u015fka birisinin teorisini ele\u015ftirmeden benimser. Ne var ki ger\u00e7ekte bu uydurmalar\/kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar sadece sahte ger\u00e7ekler -ya da Norman Mailer\u2019\u0131n zekice terimini kullan\u0131rsak- factoid<\/em>lerdir: yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n s\u00f6ylene s\u00f6ylene ya da yaz\u0131la yaz\u0131la genel kabul g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen olgular.
3) Sorunlara gereksiz yere \u201cyarat\u0131c\u0131\u201d ve karma\u015f\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmek. <\/strong>T\u00fcmevar\u0131msal arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 heyecanlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, daha basit ve geleneksel bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu aramak yerine hipotez \u00fcst\u00fcne hipotez y\u0131\u011far. Sonu\u00e7ta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00f6steri\u015fli varsay\u0131m \u201cmabedi\u201d hem basitlik yasas\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder hem de iskambil kulesi gibi y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e y\u0131k\u0131lmaya yakla\u015f\u0131r.
4) Tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bir sonuca vard\u0131ramamak.<\/strong> A hipotezi B hipotezine yol a\u00e7ar; ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 da hemen B hipotezini A hipotezini desteklemek \u00fczere kullanarak tipik bir habis \u00e7embere hapsolur. Bu, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirini destekleyen hipotezlerle ya da \u201csa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ember\u201dle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r, zira bu durumda her bir hipotez birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak geli\u015ftirilir, desteklenir; iki farkl\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131 kesi\u015ftikleri (ya da kesi\u015ftiklerine inan\u0131lan) noktaya kadar \u0131srarla takip etmekle ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir.
5) Tek tarafl\u0131 savunma. <\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 bir tez olu\u015fturmak, onu desteklemek ya da s\u0131namak \u00fczere tek bir kan\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00fc sunarken, bunun kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 t\u00fcm kan\u0131tlar\u0131 yok sayarak, bunlara itibar etmeyerek ya da bunlar\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye getirerek delilsiz iddia ve \u0131srar \u00fczerinden bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ya yetersiz veriden hareketle t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal mant\u0131k y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr ya da \u201ct\u00fcm\u201d kan\u0131tlar\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131zca kendi arzusuna tabi k\u0131lar.
6) Demodelik. <\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 i\u015fe yararl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre \u00f6nce sona ermi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen eskiden \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenilir bulunan fikirlere ya da savunucular\u0131na dair ku\u015fkular dile getirilmi\u015f teorilere tutunmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.
7) Dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcl\u00fck.<\/strong> Mensup oldu\u011fu yerel ya da ulusal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce okulunun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, ba\u015fka yerlerde\/mecralarda ve ba\u015fka dillerdeki veya ba\u015fka gelene\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmser ya da g\u00f6rmezden gelir. \u00c7ok daha dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kendilerininki d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan sorular\u0131n\/meselelerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini kabullenmekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnlerde, Do\u00e7. Dr. Tuna \u015eare A\u011ft\u00fcrk Twitter hesab\u0131nda “arkeolojinin yedi \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fc g\u00fcnah\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc Klasik arkeolog Andrew Stewart’\u0131n, Klasikbilimcilerin s\u0131kl\u0131kla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hatalar\u0131 yedi maddede s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa bir metin payla\u015ft\u0131. Kendisine kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordu\u011fumda, bunun 2005’te doktora \u00f6\u011frencilerine da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir handout oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Ben de izniyle bu k\u0131sa, ama iyi bir rehber oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ve ba\u015fka … <\/p>\n
Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1089,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[85,84,87,83,86],"class_list":["post-1082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-andrew-stewart","tag-arastirma","tag-ilkeler","tag-klasik-arkeoloji","tag-varsayim","nodate","item-wrap"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/eff41056bf4a115542e1079701656eb7-1-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C753&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9zFXd-hs","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1082"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1091,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082\/revisions\/1091"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}