Elpinike\u2019nin ele\u015ftiri oklar\u0131na hedef olan Perikles ilk bak\u0131\u015fta s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeteneklere haiz bir general (strategos) gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de asl\u0131nda \u00f6ncelleri ya da muadilleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda geride kalmaktayd\u0131. \u00d6yle ki Plutarkhos onu ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zaferlerin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7inen biri olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Perikles\u2019e ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u015fey asl\u0131nda Kimon, Myronides, Leokrates ve Tolmides\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131. Bu avantaj\u0131 da \u015fehrin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 sava\u015fla geni\u015fletmek ve korumak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, festivaller yapmak i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (Plut. Per<\/em>. 1.2). Perikles Plutarkhos\u2019un anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar beceriksiz bir komutan de\u011fildi, ancak askeri operasyonlar konusunda di\u011ferlerinin yan\u0131nda s\u00f6n\u00fck kal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fte Perikles\u2019in askeri alandaki bu yetersizli\u011fi Elpinike\u2019nin alayc\u0131 s\u00f6zlerine hedef olmu\u015ftu, ama asl\u0131nda bu, Perikles ve Elpinike\u2019nin ilk kez kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geli\u015fi de\u011fildi. Daha \u00f6nce a\u011fabeyi Kimon aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ihanet davas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Elpinike, savc\u0131 mevkindeki Perikles\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek ricac\u0131 olmu\u015f, fakat general ona \u201cElpinike, sen b\u00f6yle i\u015fler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131n\u201d gibi cinsellik imas\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir yan\u0131t vermi\u015fti. Yine de Plutarkhos\u2019a bak\u0131l\u0131rsa ayn\u0131 zamanda Kimon\u2019un rakibi olan Perikles davada nispeten \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015f ve sonunda ona di\u011fer daval\u0131lardan daha az zarar vermi\u015fti (Plut. Per<\/em>. 10). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Elpinike\u2019nin Perikles\u2019e halk \u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 bundan sonra olmu\u015ftur. General M\u00d6 440\u2019da, Atina\u2019ya ba\u015f kald\u0131ran m\u00fcttefiki Samos\u2019un bozguna u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan verdi\u011fi cenaze s\u00f6ylevini bitirdikten sonra,<\/p>\n\n\n\n k\u00fcrs\u00fcden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 indi. Bir\u00e7ok Atinal\u0131 kad\u0131n kendisi alk\u0131\u015flad\u0131 ve sanki muzaffer bir atletmi\u015f gibi Perikles\u2019e \u00e7elenkler sundu. Ancak Elpinike Perikles\u2019in yan\u0131na gelerek \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cBu soylu bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131 Perikles ve bunun i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00e7elenkleri hak ettin. Bu cesur vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fa harcad\u0131n, ama a\u011fabeyim Kimon\u2019un Perslere ya da Fenikelilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ap\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flarda de\u011fil, m\u00fcttefiklerimizden biri olan bir Yunan \u015fehrinin tahribinde.\u201d S\u00f6ylenene g\u00f6re Perikles Elpinike\u2019nin s\u00f6zlerini istifini bozmadan dinledi, sadece g\u00fcl\u00fcmsedi ve ona Arkhilokhos\u2019un bir dizesiyle cevap verdi: \u201cGri bir ba\u015fta neden pahal\u0131 parf\u00fcmler var?\u201d <\/em>(Plut. Per. 28<\/em>) <\/p>\n\n\n\n Peloponnesos Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6lenlerin an\u0131s\u0131na M\u00d6 431\u2019de verdi\u011fi cenaze s\u00f6ylevindeki ifadeleri, Perikles\u2019in Elpinike ve di\u011ferlerinin ele\u015ftirilerini dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ima etmektedir. Thukydides\u2019e g\u00f6re general konu\u015fmada i\u015flerini y\u00fccelten ifadelerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcstelik Elpinike bu ele\u015ftirilerini Perikles\u2019le ayn\u0131 ittifak a\u011f\u0131nda olmas\u0131na ragmen yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, zira Perikles\u2019in e\u015fi Deinomakhe\u2019nin ilk kocas\u0131 Hipponikos\u2019un (II) annesiydi. Elpinike\u2019nin babas\u0131 Kimon da Perikles\u2019in dahil oldu\u011fu Alkmainoidai ailesinden Isodike adl\u0131 bir kad\u0131nla evlenmi\u015fti. Ancak bu ili\u015fkiler Kimon ve Elpinike\u2019nin \u2013 ve taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u2013 Perikles ve takip\u00e7ileriyle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na engel de\u011fildi. \u00d6te yandan bu ele\u015ftiriler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kimon ve Elpinike\u2019yi hedef alan bir propaganda faaliyetinden s\u00f6z edebiliriz. Atina agoras\u0131ndan bir ostrakon \u00fczerinde Kimon\u2019un k\u0131z\u0131 Elpinike\u2019lye ensest ili\u015fki ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ima eden bir ifadeye rastl\u0131yoruz: \u201cMiltiadeso\u011flu Kimon, buradan git ve Elpinike\u2019yi de yan\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcr!\u201d Muhtemelen bu Plutarkhos\u2019un bahsetti\u011fi as\u0131ls\u0131z s\u00f6ylentilerle ilgili bir muhalefetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu hakaretler Atina siyasi hayat\u0131nda belli bir n\u00fcfuz elde etmi\u015f bir kad\u0131n i\u00e7in normal say\u0131labilir. Elpinike\u2019nin a\u011fabeyine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Perikles\u2019le do\u011frudan etkile\u015fimi kendisi hakk\u0131nda \u201chafif kad\u0131n\u201d s\u00f6ylentilerine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilir. Elpinike ya da ondan daha fazla Perikles\u2019in g\u00f6zdesi Aspasia\u2019n\u0131n isimlerini biliyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar kendi zamanlar\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli ya da dile d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f kad\u0131nlar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydiler. Klasik D\u00f6nem Atina\u2019s\u0131nda namuslu bir kad\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 halk aras\u0131nda telaffuz etmek uygun de\u011fildi. Ad\u0131yla hitap edildi\u011fi zaman bu, o kad\u0131n\u0131 hem ahlak hem de s\u0131n\u0131fsal a\u00e7\u0131dan herkesin yana\u015fabilece\u011fi \u201cbaya\u011f\u0131\u201d bir ki\u015fi olarak tan\u0131mlamaktayd\u0131. \u00dcstelik ad\u0131yla hitap, kad\u0131ndan ziyade kocas\u0131 veya Elpinike \u00f6rne\u011finde erkek karde\u015fine hakaret olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131 kaynaklar Elpinike\u2019nin hem Kallias\u2019la hem de Perikles\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinde kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle belirtse de ayn\u0131 olaylara at\u0131f yapan di\u011fer g\u00fcvenilir kaynaklarda olaylar cinselli\u011fe vurgu yap\u0131lmadan aktart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Konumu ve belki de ge\u00e7kin ya\u015f\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 cesaretle erkek egemen Klasik Atina siyasetinde kendisine yer edinmi\u015f Elpinike, di\u011fer benzer fig\u00fcrler gibi erkeklerin elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f antik kaynaklar\u0131n imalar\u0131na ve su\u00e7lamalar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk i\u00e7inde Perikles\u2019i do\u011frudan ele\u015ftirebilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 cesaretinin bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak al\u0131nabilir. Atina demokrasisi, \u015fehitlerini kahramanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran ve askerlerin devlete ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatan ele\u015ftirel ayk\u0131r\u0131 seslere m\u00fcsamaha g\u00f6stermemi\u015ftir. Elpinike\u2019nin ele\u015ftirileri gibi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kad\u0131n tragedya kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fclere yakt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131tlar ve \u00f6fkeleri de \u015fehrin birli\u011fine tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Azoulay, V., Pericles of Athens<\/em>, \u00e7ev. J. Lloyd, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Davies, J.K., Athenian Propertied Families, 600-300 BC<\/em>, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fantham, E. et al. (ed.), Women in the Classical World. Image and Text<\/em>, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lightman M. \u2013 Lightman, B. A to Z of Ancient Greek and Roman Women<\/em>, Infobase Publishing, New York, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Samons II, L.J. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Age of Pericles<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Walters, K.R., \u201cWomen and Power in Classical Athens\u201d, Woman\u2019s Power, Man\u2019s Game: Essays on Classical Antiquity in Honor of Joy K. King<\/em>, ed. M. DeForest, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Wauconda, 1993, 194\u2013214.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u00d6 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l Atina\u2019s\u0131nda siyaset, belki de Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan daha belirgin \u015fekilde erkeklerin egemenli\u011findeki bir aland\u0131. Roma\u2019da konumlar\u0131 ve ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 sayesinde bir \u015fekilde siyasetle ilgilenmi\u015f ya da siyasete bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrlerden haberdar olmam\u0131za ragmen, siyaseten hayli aktif ve \u00fcst\u00fcn be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131l Atina\u2019s\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u015feyi s\u00f6yleyemiyoruz. Bu d\u00f6nemde siyasetle ad\u0131 an\u0131lan en \u00fcnl\u00fc kad\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphesiz … <\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Annotation-2020-01-30-185804.jpg?resize=608%2C281&ssl=1\")