{"id":870,"date":"2021-04-03T20:17:15","date_gmt":"2021-04-03T17:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=870"},"modified":"2021-09-03T13:08:14","modified_gmt":"2021-09-03T10:08:14","slug":"platonun-ideal-devleti-olarak-man-of-steelda-kripton-tasavvuru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=870","title":{"rendered":"Platon’un \u0130deal Devleti Olarak Man of Steel’\u0131n Kripton’u"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Man of Steel<\/em>\u2019in bir sahnesinde gen\u00e7 Clark s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki kabaday\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frar ve bu s\u0131rada elinde bir Platon’un bir eserini tuttu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz (sahne: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tW8KyNCWGCY<\/a>). Bu elbette rastgele se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir kitap de\u011fil ve asl\u0131nda film Kripton toplumunu Platon\u2019un ideal devletinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir versiyonu olarak sunuyor. Man of Steel<\/em>\u2019\u0131n Kripton tasavvuru asl\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli Superman \u00e7izgi romanlar\u0131ndan (mesela The World of Krypton<\/em>) esinlenmi\u015f. Ya\u015fl\u0131 se\u00e7kinler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z teknokrat bir toplum olan Kriptonlular, yapay d\u00f6llenmeyle saf bir \u0131rk olarak yeti\u015ftiriliyorlar ve Kal-El\u2019in de y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonra do\u011fal yollarla d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f ilk \u00e7ocuk oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da de\u011finece\u011fim gibi \u00f6zellikle General Zod\u2019un bir repli\u011finden ve ba\u015fka baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n toplumda belirli i\u015flevleri yerine getirmek \u00fczere s\u0131n\u0131flara ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunlar bize senaristlerin Platon\u2019un fikirlerinden haberdar olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bilin\u00e7li bir tercihte bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle en bariz benzerlikle, yani toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flarla ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Platon Devlet<\/em>\u2019te Sokrates\u2019in a\u011fz\u0131ndan kimsenin kendine yeter olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan yard\u0131m almam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insanlar birbirlerine ortak ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u015fehirler kurarak bir araya gelirler (2.369b-c). Ard\u0131ndan Sokrates sadece \u015fehrin ekonomik hayat\u0131nda de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kitapta ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 adalet kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde de etkisi olacak bir i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ilkesi ortaya atar. Sokrates\u2019e g\u00f6re her birimiz farkl\u0131 do\u011fal e\u011filimlerle, kabiliyetlerle d\u00fcnyaya geliriz ve bu y\u00fczden herkesin ay\u0131rt edici bir ergon<\/em>u, yani do\u011fal bir vazifesi ya da i\u015flevi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Sokrates de toplumda buna uygun bir i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc savunur: E\u011fer herkes do\u011fas\u0131na uygun bir \u015fey yaparsa daha \u00e7ok ve kaliteli mal \u00fcretilir (2.370c). \u015e\u00fcphesiz Platon\u2019un Sokrates\u2019e s\u00f6yletti\u011fi bu fikirler toplumun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve yarar\u0131 pahas\u0131na bireysel yeteneklerin t\u00f6rp\u00fclenmesi anlam\u0131na gelir ki Jor-El\u2019in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da al\u0131nt\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m Kripton tarihine dair o\u011fluna anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir topluma i\u015faret eder. Superman\u2019in ebeveynleri geleneksel Kripton uygulamas\u0131 olan yapay d\u00f6llenerek rahim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir evlat yerine, do\u011fal yollardan bir bebek d\u00fcnyaya getirmeyi, Kal-El\u2019in toplumun onun i\u00e7in istediklerinden farkl\u0131 biri, bir birey olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini istemi\u015flerdir: \u201cYour mother and I believed Krypton lost something precious. The element of choice, of chance. What if a child dreamed of becoming something more than what Society had intended for him or her? What if a child aspired to something greater?\u201d (47:16\u2019dan itibaren).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Platon\u2019a g\u00f6re b\u00f6yle bir toplumda insanlar bireysel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak h\u00e2le geldiklerinde kendi \u015fehirlerinde bulunmayan kaynaklar\u0131 elde etmek isterler ve b\u00f6ylece sava\u015flar \u00e7\u0131kar. Platon i\u00e7in sava\u015flar\u0131n sebebi insanlar\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndaki agresiflikten ziyade sosyal ve ekonomiktir (2.373e). Toplumlar ancak basit ve do\u011fal hayatlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p l\u00fcks talep ettiklerinde ihtilafa kap\u0131 aralam\u0131\u015f olurlar. Sava\u015f s\u00f6z konusu olunca da ku\u015fkusuz askerlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyulacakt\u0131r, ancak Sokrates vatanda\u015f-asker fikri yerine profesyonel askerlerin yeti\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunur ve uzmanl\u0131k ilkesine g\u00f6re sadece sava\u015fa do\u011fal e\u011filim g\u00f6steren birisi asker olabilir. Her ne kadar ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta dostlara kar\u015f\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sert bir askerin bulunabilece\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphe etse de (bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131da bu iki z\u0131t duygunun bir arada bulunmas\u0131 zordur) sonunda k\u00f6pek \u00f6rne\u011finden yola \u00e7\u0131karak bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fine karar verir. Bir k\u00f6pek nas\u0131l insanlara onlar hakk\u0131ndaki bilgisine g\u00f6re davran\u0131yorsa \u2013tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131na dost, tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fman- askerlerin de benzer bir tav\u0131r geli\u015ftirebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr (3.275c-376b). Ancak her k\u00f6pek iyi bir bek\u00e7i k\u00f6pe\u011fi olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcyle sava\u015fa \u00f6zg\u00fc nitelikler birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in asker-bek\u00e7ilerin bu dengeyi g\u00f6zetecek bi\u00e7imde do\u011fru y\u00f6ntemlerle e\u011fitilmesi gerekir. Bu da bizi Zod\u2019a getiriyor. Filmin sonuna do\u011fru Zod (2:04:48\u2019den itibaren) Superman\u2019e bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fini, b\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131 boyunca bunun e\u011fitimini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, duyular\u0131na h\u00fckmetmeyi \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini s\u00f6yler (\u201cI was bred to be a warrior Kal. Trained my entire life\u2026 to master my senses\u201d). Laboratuvarda sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u201c\u00fcretilmi\u015f\u201d Zod bu \u00f6zellikleriyle Platon\u2019un \u015fehrini savunmaya uygun bir askerdir. Filozofun uzmanl\u0131k ilkesi uyar\u0131nca, b\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131 boyunca sadece asker olmak \u00fczere yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve duyular\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeyi (Platon\u2019un k\u00f6pek \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi dost ve d\u00fc\u015fmana \u2013yani tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00fcnyal\u0131lara- uygun \u015fekilde davranabilmek i\u00e7in) \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\" — Gen\u00e7 Clark Platon okuyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca Zod Platon\u2019un ilkeleri uyar\u0131nca toplumun, yani Kripton\u2019un \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer her \u015feyin \u00fczerinde tutar (2:01:25\u2019ten itibaren): \u201cI exist only to protect Krypton. That is the sole purpose for which I was born. And every action I take, no matter how violent or how cruel, is for the greater good of my people. My soul\u2026 That is what you have taken from me.\u201d Bu replik Platon\u2019un \u00fcstte bahsetti\u011fim ideal toplum ilkelerini tam anlam\u0131yla yans\u0131t\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle Zod do\u011fas\u0131 ve yeti\u015ftirilme tarz\u0131 itibar\u0131yla t\u00fcm eylemlerini bencilce D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde kendi egemenli\u011fini kurmak de\u011fil, Kriptonlulara bir vatan vermek \u00fczere ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir. Repli\u011fin ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131nda Zod Superman\u2019in Kripton toplumunun genetik materyali (filmin tabiriyle genetic codex<\/em>) yok etti\u011fi i\u00e7in ruhunu kendisinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler ki bu da Platon\u2019un Devlet<\/em>\u2019te \u015fehir ve ruh aras\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkiyi akla getirir. Devlet<\/em>\u2019in d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kitab\u0131ndakime\u015fhur analojide ruha atfetti\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7a \u015fehrin \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirilir. Adalet hem ruhun hem de \u015fehrin par\u00e7alar\u0131 kendilerine uygun i\u015flevlerini yerine getirdiklerinde ve ruhun mant\u0131kla ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131na (cesaret, \u00f6fke vb. gibi duygular i\u00e7eren d\u00fcrt\u00fcsel par\u00e7a ve a\u00e7l\u0131k ya da cinsellik gibi ihtiya\u00e7larla ilgili fiziksel par\u00e7a) h\u00e2kim oldu\u011funda sa\u011flan\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ruhun bilgelik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc bar\u0131nd\u0131ran mant\u0131kl\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ruhun tamam\u0131 ad\u0131na karar vermesi do\u011fald\u0131r (4.441e4-5). Ancak par\u00e7alardan herhangi birinin ruhun kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesi, insan\u0131n belirli y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerine meyilli olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar: \u201cTimokratik\u201d bir ki\u015fi siyasi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 ruhunun d\u00fcrt\u00fcsel par\u00e7as\u0131na emanet etmi\u015ftir. Oligar\u015fik ki\u015fi materyalist (fiziksel ihtiya\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelik) par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmesine izin vererek ba\u015fa bir kral getirir. Demokratik birey ruhunun t\u00fcm par\u00e7alar\u0131nda dengeyi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan demokrasiye meyillidir (550b, 553c-d, 561b), ancak hi\u00e7biri mant\u0131kl\u0131 par\u00e7aya boyun e\u011fmedi\u011finden ne ruhta ne de toplumda do\u011fal bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zod\u2019a e\u011fer karakterin \u201cac\u0131mas\u0131z\u201d eylemlerine filmin Platon\u2019un fikirleri \u00fczerinden giden mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bakarsak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 kendi toplumunun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 u\u011fruna yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yani ruhunun mant\u0131kl\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz, zira Zod ne timokratik bir y\u00f6netim arzular (aksine filmin ba\u015flar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z darbe giri\u015fimiyle kendisini yarg\u0131layan se\u00e7kinlere nefret beslemektedir) ne yarataca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya kral olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da ba\u015fa bir kral ge\u00e7irece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yler (yani ruhun materyalist par\u00e7as\u0131na teslim olmaz) ne de demokratik bir rejimin m\u00fcjdesini verir. Film Zod\u2019un nas\u0131l bir rejim kuraca\u011f\u0131na dair a\u00e7\u0131k bir kan\u0131t sunmasa da bizim g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczde bunun fa\u015fist bir y\u00f6netim olaca\u011f\u0131 nettir, fakat filmin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6nemli olan Zod\u2019un bunu \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun (Kriptonlular\u0131n) iyili\u011fi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesidir. Zaten yukar\u0131daki replikte duyular\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebildi\u011fine dair ima, generalin ruhu ve bedeninde Platon\u2019un istedi\u011fi gibi bir h\u00e2kimiyet kurdu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte Superman genetik malzemeyi, yani Kripton toplumunu yok etti\u011finde, Zod\u2019un ruhundaki mant\u0131kl\u0131 par\u00e7an\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi muhtemel y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi her neyse o da ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f olur. Platon\u2019un g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Zod\u2019un yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 onaylamasak bile en az\u0131ndan bilin\u00e7sizce bir y\u0131k\u0131m ama\u00e7lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, do\u011fru oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u2013ve bunun i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi- bir davay\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmek istedi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz ve bu da k\u00f6t\u00fc karaktere empati duymam\u0131z i\u00e7in gereken (ve onu tek boyutlu s\u0131radan bir k\u00f6t\u00fc karakter olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karan) kendi i\u00e7inde mant\u0131kl\u0131 motivasyonu sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Film Kripton toplumunun Platoncu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sadece Zod \u00fczerinden aktarmaz. Daha \u00f6nce, Jor-El\u2019in Kal-El\u2019e gezegenin tarihini anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sahnede \u015fu repli\u011fe yer verilir: \u201cThis is a genesis chamber. All Kryptonians were concevied in chambers such as this.Every child was designed to fulfill a predetermined role in our society as a worker, a warrior, a leader and so on\u201d (47:01\u2019den itibaren). Bu, Devlet<\/em>\u2019teki kast sistemini benimsemi\u015f bir toplumun tan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Platon\u2019\u0131n ideal \u015fehrinde \u00fc\u00e7 temel s\u0131n\u0131fa yer vard\u0131r: y\u00f6neticilerle onlar\u0131n destek\u00e7ileri yard\u0131mc\u0131lar ve yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar (3.412a-414b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kripton\u2019un y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise Platon\u2019un sal\u0131k verdi\u011fi t\u00fcrden bir y\u00f6netime bi\u00e7imine, yani filozof-kral rejimine sahip olmamas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. Platon ideal \u015fehriKallipolis\u2019te e\u011fitim sisteminin b\u00f6yle y\u00f6neticiler yeti\u015ftirece\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir, fakat en ba\u015fta bizzat Kallipolis\u2019i kuracak ve y\u00f6netecek filozof kral nerden gelecektir? Platon\u2019un buna bir cevab\u0131 yoktur, fakat filmde Jor-El\u2019in Kripton\u2019un kendi sonunu nas\u0131l getirdi\u011fine dair s\u00f6ylediklerini temel al\u0131rsak, b\u00f6yle bir y\u00f6neticinin Kripton\u2019un ba\u015f\u0131na asla ge\u00e7memi\u015f oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Kripton toplumunun filmden \u00e7\u0131karabildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla \u00f6zellikleri Kallipolis\u2019inkilerle hayli \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir: n\u00fcfus kontrol\u00fc, kat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f sistemi ve se\u00e7kinlerin y\u00f6netimi gibi. Ne var ki b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczen insan do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla er ya da ge\u00e7 y\u0131k\u0131lmaya mahk\u00fbm bir toplum \u00fcretecektir. Platon\u2019un ideal devletini uygulanabilir bir proje olarak m\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yoksa sadece etik kayg\u0131larla m\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakla birlikte, Kripton\u2019u hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir Kallipolis olarak kabul edersek, bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve ondan kaynaklanan dura\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gezegeni felakete s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Nitekim Jor-El gezegenin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini anlat\u0131rken elveri\u015fsiz ko\u015fullardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Kriptonlular\u0131n ba\u015fka gezegenlerde koloniler kurarak yeni kaynaklar elde ettiklerini, fakat yapay n\u00fcfus kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn benimsenmesiyle birlikte kolonilerin terk edilerek gezegendeki kaynaklar\u0131n onu yok edecek noktaya kadar s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler (45:33\u2019ten itibaren). Platon Devlet<\/em>\u2019in sekizinci kitab\u0131ndaa\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u00fcfusun yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc sava\u015fa sebep olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek Bek\u00e7ilere \u00fcremeyi kontrol etme yetkisi verir. Bu durumda Jor-El\u2019in s\u00f6yledikleri \u00e7eli\u015fki gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, zira kolonizasyon hareketi gezegenin kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 hafifletici bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir; n\u00fcfus kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn neden hayata ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi ve bunun neden kolonilerin terkiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirsizdir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda Kripton\u2019un t\u0131pk\u0131 baz\u0131 antik Yunan \u015fehirlerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kolonizasyonu te\u015fvik etmelerini bekleriz. Film bu konuyu netle\u015ftirmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte, en az\u0131ndan Platon gibi n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131, geni\u015fleme ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn sebeplerini n\u00fcfus kontrol\u00fc ve kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Man of Steel<\/em> benim i\u00e7in bekleneni verememi\u015f bir film, fakat iyi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerden biri Platon \u00fczerinden Kripton, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Superman i\u00e7in bir somut ge\u00e7mi\u015f yaratmak ve yine filozof sayesinde Zod\u2019u basmakal\u0131p bir ana k\u00f6t\u00fc karakterden ay\u0131ran anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir ama\u00e7 vererek bir onu nebze olsun farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*<\/p>\n\n\n\n*
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Benson, H.H. (ed.), *A Companion to Plato<\/em>, Blackwell Publishing, Londra, 2007. <\/p>\n\n\n\n*
Ferrari, G.R.F. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to<\/em> Plato’s Republic,<\/em> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
McAleer, S., Plato’s Republic. An Introduction<\/em>, OpenBook Publishers, Cambridge, 2020. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Man of Steel\u2019in bir sahnesinde gen\u00e7 Clark s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki kabaday\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frar ve bu s\u0131rada elinde bir Platon’un bir eserini tuttu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz (sahne: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tW8KyNCWGCY). Bu elbette rastgele se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir kitap de\u011fil ve asl\u0131nda film Kripton toplumunu Platon\u2019un ideal devletinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir versiyonu olarak sunuyor. Man of Steel\u2019\u0131n Kripton tasavvuru asl\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli Superman \u00e7izgi romanlar\u0131ndan … <\/p>\n
Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[79,82,53,81],"class_list":["post-870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-devlet","tag-kripton","tag-platon","tag-superman","nodate","item-wrap"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Man-of-Steel-Genesis-Chamber-Kryptonian-Ship.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9zFXd-e2","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=870"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1066,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870\/revisions\/1066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eskicagblog.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}